ANATOMY OF A LIQUID HAND SOAP
Solvents
A solvent, often water, serves as the base for a liquid hand soap. It dissolves and disperses other ingredients, allowing them to be evenly distributed in the formulation. Water is a crucial component that provides the fluidity and dispensable nature of the hand soap.
Surfactants
Reduce the surface tension of water and enhance the soap's ability to wet surfaces. They play a key role in breaking down oils, dirt, and other substances on the skin, facilitating their removal during handwashing. Surfactants also contribute to the formation of lather.
Stabilizers
Enhance the viscosity and stability of the formulation as a liquid hand soap. They give the soap a more appealing texture to the user and make it easier to dispense the soap from a pump bottle. The consistency provided by thickening agents is needed for effective use.
Emulsifiers
Facilitate the combination of water and oil components in a liquid hand soap. They ensure the formulation remains mixed and does not separate over time. Emulsifiers are essential for maintaining the overall stability and homogeneity of a liquid hand soap.
Humectants & Emollients
Attract and retain moisture on the skin, helping to prevent the skin from drying out after handwashing. They contribute to the moisturizing properties of the soap, leaving the skin feeling soft and hydrated after using a liquid hand soap.
Preservatives
Inhibit the growth of bacteria and extend the shelf life of the liquid hand soap. Preservatives are particularly important in water-based formulations. When the right preservatives are used, the hand soap will remain effective over time without sacrificing the user's health.
pH Adjusters
Ensures that a liquid hand soap's pH aligns with the natural pH of a user's hands. Maintaining a natural pH boosts the skin's protective barrier and overall health, ultimately helping to prevent dryness, irritation, and damage to the skin barrier.